These gained approval for a variety of aircraft including the BAE 125 and 146 business jets, the Harrier and its derivative the AV8B, and some F16 variants as the first alternatives to then standard nickel–cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. Varley adapted the Cyclon lead foil technology to produce flat plate batteries with exceptional high rate output. In the same period, Gates acquired another UK company, Varley, specialising in aircraft and military batteries. In the mid 1980s, two UK companies, Chloride and Tungstone, simultaneously introduced ten year life AGM batteries in capacities up to 400 Ah, stimulated by a British Telecom specification for batteries for support of new digital exchanges. A number of manufacturers seized on the technology to implement it in cells with conventional flat plates. The cyclon is a spiral wound cell with thin lead foil electrodes. The first AGM cell was the Cyclon, patented by Gates Rubber Corporation in 1972 and now produced by EnerSys. The modern gel or VRLA battery was invented by Otto Jache of Sonnenschein in 1957. The first lead–acid gel battery was invented by Elektrotechnische Fabrik Sonneberg in 1934. They are widely used in large portable electrical devices, off-grid power systems and similar roles, where large amounts of storage are needed at a lower cost than other low maintenance technologies like lithium ion. The term "maintenance free" is a misnomer as VRLA batteries still require cleaning and regular functional testing. ĭue to their construction, the gel cell and AGM types of VRLA can be mounted in any orientation, and do not require constant maintenance. Both types of VRLA batteries offer advantages and disadvantages compared to flooded vented lead–acid (VLA) batteries or each other. AGM (absorbent glass mat) batteries feature fiberglass mesh between the battery plates which serves to contain the electrolyte and separate the plates. ![]() Gel cells add silica dust to the electrolyte, forming a thick putty like gel. ![]() There are two primary types of VRLA batteries, absorbent glass mat ( AGM) and gel cell ( gel battery). Type of lead–acid battery A 12V VRLA battery, typically used in small uninterruptible power supplies and emergency lampsĪ valve regulated lead–acid ( VRLA) battery, commonly known as a sealed lead–acid ( SLA) battery, is a type of lead–acid battery characterized by a limited amount of electrolyte ("starved" electrolyte) absorbed in a plate separator or formed into a gel proportioning of the negative and positive plates so that oxygen recombination is facilitated within the cell and the presence of a relief valve that retains the battery contents independent of the position of the cells.
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